Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog dab tsi?
Sep 05, 2024
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Pob zeb yog cov pob txha ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv muaj zog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov cement, dej, thiab aggregates xws li xuab zeb lossis pob zeb. Qhov tseeb proportions ntawm cov Cheebtsam - xa mus rau raws li lubqhob mix ratio- ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab lub zog, durability, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb.
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog dab tsi?
Covqhob mix ratioyog qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb uas tsim cov pob zeb: cement, dej, nplua aggregates (xuab zeb), thiab coarse aggregates (gravel). Ua kom tiav qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua haujlwm thiab muaj zog sib xyaw ua ke uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke sib piv cuam tshuam cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li:
Ua haujlwm tau: Qhov yooj yim uas cov pob zeb tshiab tuaj yeem muab tso thiab compacted.
Lub zog: Lub peev xwm ntawm cov pob zeb tawv tawv kom tiv taus siab yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
Durability: Lub neej ntev ntawm pob zeb thiab nws cov kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Kev sib xyaw kom zoo yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj cov pob zeb ua ke uas yog ob qho tib si siv tau thiab ua haujlwm zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kho:
Cement to Aggregate Ratio: Qhov no txiav txim siab lub zog khi ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw.
Dej rau Cement Ratio: Qhov no ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm thiab lub zog.
Fine to Coarse Aggregate Ratio: Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb cuam tshuam qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab compaction.
Cov khoom xyaw: Cov no tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv kev sib xyaw kom txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li teeb tsa lub sijhawm, lub zog, lossis tiv thaiv kom ya raws.
Hom Kev Sib Tw Sib Tw
Raws li qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom xyaw siv, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom:
1. Nominal Mix Concrete
Nominal mix qhobyog qhov kev txiav txim ua ntej sib xyaw ua ke, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov phiaj xwm me me. Qhov piv yog tsau thiab raws li cov qauv tsim, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev tsim tshwj xeeb lossis kev hloov kho. Qhov no ua rau nominal mix qhob ua tus nqi-zoo thiab yooj yim daws rau cov kev siv tsis yog cov qauv.
Piv txwv:
M15 qib pob zeb: Qhov sib piv ntawm cov cement rau cov xuab zeb sib sau ua ke=1: 2: 4 (Cement: Xuab zeb)
Qhob qib los ntawmM5rauM20poob rau hauv nominal mix, nrog rau cov qauv hauv qab no:
| Qhob Qib | Mix Ratio | Compressive zog (N / mm²) |
|---|---|---|
| M5 | 1:5:10 | 5 |
| M7.5 | 1:4:8 | 7.5 |
| M10 | 1:3:6 | 10 |
| M15 | 1:2:4 | 15 |
| M20 | 1:1.5:3 | 20 |
2. Txheem sib xyaw ua ke
Standard mix qhobQhov sib piv muab qhov yooj yim dua, ntsuas lub zog thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo rau kev tsim kho dav dav. Tsis zoo li nominal mixes, standard mix ratios raug xaiv raws li kev paub thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv. Qhov sib tov sib piv yog 1: 2: 4 (Cement: Xuab zeb
) rau cov qib txheem ntawm cov pob zeb, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau cov qauv siv xws li slabs thiab foundations.
Qhob qib los ntawmM25rauM50raug cais raws li cov qauv sib xyaw:
| Qhob Qib | Mix Ratio (C:S) | Compressive zog (N / mm²) |
|---|---|---|
| M25 | 1:1:2 | 25 |
| M30 | Tsim Mix | 30 |
| M35 | Tsim Mix | 35 |
| M40 | Tsim Mix | 40 |
| M45 | Tsim Mix | 45 |
| M50 | Tsim Mix | 50 |
3. Tsim Mix Pob Zeb
Rau qib siab structural pob zeb,tsim mix qhobyog yuav tsum tau. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev txiav txim siab qhov sib xyaw ua ke raws li kev txheeb xyuas qhov tob ntawm cov khoom siv raw thiab cov phiaj xwm tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom sib xyaw tsim tau tsim los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem thiab hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua, tso cai rau kev suav nrog cov khoom sib xyaw thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw kom ua tiav lub zog compressive xav tau.
Txoj kev sib xyaw tsim yog siv rau qibM30thiab saum toj no, qhov tseeb proportioning ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom exceptional zog thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj zog muaj zog yog raws li hauv qab no:
| Qhob Qib | Compressive zog (N / mm²) |
|---|---|
| M55 | 55 |
| M60 | 60 |
| M65 | 65 |
| M70 | 70 |
Xaiv Txoj Cai Sib Nqus
Kev xaiv ntawm pob zeb sib xyaw yog nyob ntawm qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev tsim kho. Tej yam xws li load-bearing muaj peev xwm, raug tej yam kev mob, thiab lub structural lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub pob zeb ua si ib tug luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab zoo mix. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia rau xaiv txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke:
Low-Strength Concrete (M5 - M15): Zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom tsis yog cov qauv xws li pavements, kerbs, thiab cov hauv paus hauv paus.
Medium-Strength Concrete (M20 - M30): Feem ntau siv rau cov tsev nyob thiab kev lag luam hauv lub hauv paus, pem teb, thiab phab ntsa.
High-Strength Concrete (M35 - M70): Suited rau high-load lug xws li txuas hniav, dams, thiab loj infrastructure tej yaam num.
Water-Cement Ratio: Ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv
Qhov sib piv dej-cement yog kab tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ua vaj tsev zaum kawg. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej-cement qis yields cov pob zeb muaj zog, thaum qhov sib piv ntau dua tuaj yeem ua rau muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tab sis yuav txo tau lub zog. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej-cement yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm{0}.4 rau 0.6, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub zog.
Admixtures: Txhim kho pob zeb ua haujlwm
Admixtures, xws li plasticizers, accelerators, thiab retarders, tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw kom txhim kho cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov additives no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, ua kom lub sijhawm teem sijhawm, lossis muab kev ruaj khov ntxiv, nyob ntawm qhov project xav tau.
Summary of Concrete Mix Ratios and Applications
| Mix Type | Qhob Qib | Mix Ratio | Daim ntawv thov |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal Mix | M5 - M20 | 1: 2: 4 (ntev) | Pavements, pathways, cov qauv yooj yim |
| Standard Mix | M25 - M50 | 1: 1: 2 (ntev) | Cov khoom tsim xws li cov hauv paus, kab, kab teeb |
| Tsim Mix | M30 thiab siab dua | Kev sib xyaw ua ke | Loj infrastructure, high-strength pob zeb xav tau |
Ua tiav qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim kho. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo xaiv thiab faib cov khoom xyaw, peb tuaj yeem xyuas kom meej tias cov pob zeb ua kom muaj lub zog tsim nyog, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo rau ntau yam kev siv. Txawm hais tias siv cov nominal, tus qauv, lossis kev tsim qauv sib xyaw, kev nkag siab lub luag haujlwm ntawm txhua yam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qauv uas sawv cev rau lub sijhawm.