Koj yuav ua li cas kom muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb uas twb muaj lawm?

 

 

Koj yuav ua li cas kom muaj zog ntawm cov pob zeb uas twb muaj lawm?

Pob zeb yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho, muaj npe nrov rau nws ntau yam, durability, thiab lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb tsis yog muab - nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tib zoo xav txog ntau yam, los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw mus rau cov txheej txheem kho. Kev nkag siab thiab tswj xyuas cov xwm txheej no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog uas ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Hauv phau ntawv qhia ntxaws ntxaws no, peb yuav tshawb txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm pob zeb, muab koj cov kev paub uas xav tau los txhim kho koj cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.

1. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw: Lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv hauv kev tsim ua vaj tse yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv lub zog kawg. Pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm plaub yam khoom xyaw: cement, dej, coarse aggregate, thiab nplua aggregate (xuab zeb). Cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua feem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab tag nrho lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb.

1.1 Cement Quality

Hom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov cement yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov xav tau kev ua vaj tse. Cov cement zoo yuav tsum muaj cov khoom nram qab no:

Kev zoo: Cov cement me me ua rau kom muaj dej nrawm dua, uas ua rau lub zog nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav tsum sib npaug kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntxov.

Freshness: Cement lub zog muaj peev xwm txo qis thaum lub sijhawm. Cement laus dua peb lub hlis yuav muaj peev xwm txo qis zog.

1.2 Aggregate Properties

Aggregates, uas nyob li ntawm 60-75% ntawm cov pob zeb ntim, yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua vaj tse. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog muaj xws li:

Loj thiab Gradation: Ua kom zoo graded aggregates txo qhov chaw tsis muaj dab tsi thiab txhim kho pob zeb ntom ntom, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub zog.

Zoo thiab texture: Angular thiab ntxhib-textured aggregates muab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov cement paste piv rau cov sib npaug thiab du aggregates.

Hom: Crushed pob zeb los yog recycled aggregate yog pom zoo rau high-strength pob zeb vim nws superior compaction zoo.

1.3 Sand Quality

Cov xuab zeb siv hauv pob zeb yuav tsum huv thiab tsis muaj impurities. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pob zeb muaj zog yog cov xuab zeb ntse, tseem hu ua pob zeb xuab zeb. Hom xuab zeb no, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm granite los yog limestone, muaj kev ntxhib los mos thiab zoo-qib los tiv thaiv voids hauv cov pob zeb matrix.

2. Water-Cement Ratio: Txoj Cai Ntsuas

Qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej-cement yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua vaj tse. Nws txhais cov dej siv txheeb ze rau cov cement hauv qhov sib tov. Qhov qis dej-cement piv ua rau muaj zog dua thiab kav ntev, tab sis nws kuj ua rau cov pob zeb nyuaj ua haujlwm nrog.

2.1 Optimal Water-Cement Ratio

Rau cov pob zeb muaj zog, qhov sib piv ntawm cov dej-cement ntawm kwv yees li 0.4 rau 0.6 feem ntau yog siv. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke kom ua tiav lub zog zoo yog 1: 2: 3: 0.5 (cement: xuab zeb: aggregate

). Qhov no ua kom muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom nrog cov voids tsawg, txhim kho cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog.

2.2 Kho kom haum rau kev ua haujlwm

Thaum txo qis cov ntsiab lus dej ua kom muaj zog, nws kuj txo kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tswj kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub zog, kev siv cov superplasticizers tuaj yeem xav txog. Cov khoom sib xyaw no tso cai rau cov dej qis dua thaum khaws cov dej sib xyaw kom txaus rau qhov chaw thiab ua tiav.

3. Compaction: Ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws

Compaction yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov huab cua los ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab. Kev cog lus kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb los tshem tawm cov voids uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub pob zeb tsis muaj zog.

3.1 Cov txheej txheem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo

Kev vibration: Siv cov tshuab vibrators los daws cov pob zeb sib tov pab kom ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws. Internal vibrators tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib tov, thaum cov vibrators sab nraud raug siv rau hauv formwork.

Tamping: Cov txheej txheem phau ntawv no suav nrog pounding lub pob zeb nrog lub tamper, kom ntseeg tau tias cov aggregates tau ntim nruj ua ke.

3.2 Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Zoo

Kev cog qoob loo tsis txaus tuaj yeem muaj txog li 10% qhov chaw voided, ua rau txo qis zog los ntawm 30-40%. Kev cog lus kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ua tiav lub zog compressive ntawm cov pob zeb.

4. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias: ntsuas kub kom zoo tshaj plaws

Kub ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm pob zeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm kho.

4.1 Kub qhov cuam tshuam rau dej

Qhob tau txais lub zog raws li cov cement hydrates, txheej txheem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kub curing siab tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog nce ntxiv tab sis yuav ua rau muaj qhov ntxeem tau ntau dua thiab tsis muaj zog rau lub sijhawm ntev. Hloov chaw, qhov kub qis qis qis qis dej, uas ua rau kev kho tsis tiav.

4.2 Qhov Zoo Tshaj Qhov Kub Kub

Kev tswj qhov kub ntawm qhov kub ntawm 12 degree thiab 22 degree yog pom zoo rau kev txhim kho lub zog zoo. Qhov ntau yam no tso cai rau cov dej tsis tu ncua, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ziab ntxov ntxov thiab ua kom muaj zog, zoo tsim cov ntawv cog lus.

5. Cov txheej txheem kho: Txhim kho lub zog los ntawm kev tswj xyuas

Kev kho yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov dej kom txaus, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub sijhawm rau cov pob zeb tshiab tshiab kom ua tiav nws cov khoom xav tau. Kev kho kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho lub zog, durability, thiab kev ua haujlwm tag nrho.

5.1 Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws dej noo

Qhob xav tau ib puag ncig noo noo thaum kho kom txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem hydration. Kev tuav cov av noo ntawm 85-90% yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kom qhuav, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg thiab txo lub zog.

5.2 Lub Sijhawm Kho Mob

Tus qauv kho lub sij hawm rau pob zeb yog 28 hnub. Qhov no tso cai rau cov pob zeb ncav cuag li ntawm 70-80% ntawm nws lub zog kawg. Kev ncua sij hawm kho yuav xav tau rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb lossis ib puag ncig.

6. Hnub nyoog thiab lub zog: Kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog ntev

Lub hnub nyoog ntawm pob zeb yog ncaj qha ntsig txog nws lub zog. Raws li lub hnub nyoog pob zeb, nws tseem muaj zog, yog tias nws tsis raug rau cov xwm txheej tsis zoo.

6.1 Kev Txhim Kho Lub Zog Thaum Lub Sijhawm

Qhob feem ntau ncav cuag nws lub zog tsim tom qab 28 hnub ntawm kev kho. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog ntxiv rau ntau xyoo, nrog rau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias muaj zog nce ntxiv txawm tias kaum xyoo tom qab thawj lub sijhawm kho.

6.2 Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev zog

Kev txhim kho lub zog mus ntev yog cuam tshuam los ntawm txhua yam uas tau tham yav dhau los-zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw, dej-cement piv, compaction, kub, thiab kho. Cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws yuav ua rau cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv rau lub sijhawm.