Ethylene Glycol

Ethylene glycol, tseem hu ua glycol, yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws aliphatic diol, muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cawv, xws li muaj peev xwm tsim ethers, esters, oxidized rau aldehydes los yog acids, thiab condense rau tsim ethers. Nws tuaj yeem ua halogenated. Thaum reacted nrog acyl chlorides los yog acid anhydrides, nws feem ntau tsim ob esters. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm catalysts (manganese dioxide, alumina, zinc oxide, los yog sulfuric acid), nws tuaj yeem ua kom sov kom lub cev qhuav dej los yog intermolecularly, tsim cyclic ethylene glycol dialdehyde. Nws reacts nrog nitric acid los tsim ethylene glycol dinitrate, uas yog ib qho tawg. Ethylene glycol yog cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov polyester resins, alkyd resins, thiab polyester fibers, thiab tseem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tsheb thiab ua kom txias hauv cov tshuab dav hlau. Xyoo 1980, kev noj cov ethylene glycol rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog sib npaug rau qhov uas siv los ua polyester. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib txuas siab molecular xws li polyester fibers. Ethylene glycol dinitrate, thaum ua ke nrog nitroglycerin, txo qis qhov khov ntawm cov khoom tawg. Ethylene glycol kuj tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau cov tshuaj, yas, thiab cov kuab tshuaj kub kub. Industrially, ethylene yog siv los ua raw khoom, thawj zaug hloov mus rau hauv ethylene oxide thiab tom qab ntawd hydrolyzed los tsim ethylene glycol. Cov khoom no ua rau muaj hluav taws kub thiab tawg. Nws yog khaus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias, thiab nqus nws cov vapors los yog nqus nws los ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv paus paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab thiab lub raum puas. Qhov ncauj LD50 hauv nas yog 8540 mg / kg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai rau chaw ua haujlwm yog 5 × 10^-6.

Khoom: Ethylene glycol yog xim tsis muaj xim, pob tshab, kua nplaum. Nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau polyester fibers thiab tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov polyester resins, unsaturated polyester resins, thiab 1730 polyester varnish. Ethylene glycol thiab polyethylene glycol tuaj yeem muab ntau hom surfactants. Nws cov dinitrate compound, ethylene glycol dinitrate, yog siv rau hauv cov khoom tawg. Ethylene glycol tuaj yeem txo qhov chaw khov ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous, ua rau nws muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Toxicology: Ethylene glycol yog cais raws li cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg. Qhov ncauj LD50 rau nas yog li ntawm 5.5 mL / kg txog 8.54 mL / kg. Hauv tib neeg, ib qhov ncauj LD50 yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 80 g thiab 100 g. Cov ntshav siab ntawm ethylene glycol siab dua 2.4 g / L tuaj yeem ua rau mob raum tsis ua haujlwm. Nws yog absorbed los ntawm lub plab zom mov, daim tawv nqaij, thiab ua pa system, txawm nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj daim ntawv los yog raws li ib tug oxidized daim ntawv, tawm los ntawm ob lub raum raws li oxalate (oxalic acid ntsev). Ethylene glycol yog metabolized rau carbon dioxide, uas raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua pa. Txawm hais tias nws toxicity, nws volatility tsawg heev, yog li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev lom lom loj heev vim nqus pa hauv cov chaw lag luam yog tsawg. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua pa lom muaj xws li tsis meej pem, nystagmus, proteinuria, calcium oxalate crystals hauv cov zis, thiab muaj cov qe ntshav liab.

Qhov ncauj tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv peb theem:

Central paj hlwb cov tsos mob, zoo li ethanol intoxication.

Ua pa nyuaj, cyanosis, thiab cov tsos mob ntawm pulmonary edema los yog bronchopneumonia.

Lub raum puas, nrog mob nraub qaum, lub raum rhiab, lub raum ua haujlwm tsis zoo, proteinuria, hematuria, calcium oxalate crystals hauv cov zis, oliguria lossis anuria, ua rau mob raum tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev pab thawj zaug rau kev lom yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntsiab cai dav dav rau kev lom ntawm qhov ncauj. Nws raug nquahu kom muab 1/6 molar sodium lactate tov (600 mL) thiab 10% calcium gluconate (10 mL) los ntawm kev tso dej. Rau kev ua xua hnyav, hemodialysis tuaj yeem siv. Cov thawv ntim cov ethylene glycol yuav tsum tau sau tias "tshuaj lom" thiab yuav tsum tau muab kaw thiab tso cua thaum cua sov kom tsis txhob nqus pa los yog aerosols. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij ncaj qha yuav tsum zam.

Chemical Properties: Ethylene glycol yog xim tsis muaj xim, pob tshab, kua nplaum uas muaj qab zib thiab hygroscopic zog. Nws yog miscible nrog dej, qis fatty alcohols, glycerol, acetic acid, acetone, thiab zoo xws li ketones, aldehydes, pyridine, thiab coal-tar bases, thiab me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv ether. Nws yuav luag insoluble hauv benzene, nws homologs, chlorinated hydrocarbons, roj av ether, thiab roj.

Kev Siv: Ethylene glycol feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov polyester resins, alkyd resins, plasticizers, thiab antifreeze. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab explosives. Ethylene glycol yog siv los ua cov tshuaj analytical reagent, chromatography reagent, thiab raws li dielectric nruab nrab hauv capacitors. Nws yog ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev sib txuas ntawm fungicides xws li tebuconazole thiab carbendazim. Nws yog siv los npaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub tshuab cua txias, tsim polyester (rau fibers thiab plastics), hluavtaws resins, lubricants, surfactants, plasticizers, thiab explosives. Ethylene glycol tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab hauv cov kua dej hydraulic.

Kev tsim tawm:

Epoxyethane Direct Hydrolysis: Tib txoj kev rau kev lag luam loj loj ntawm ethylene glycol yog qhov ncaj qha hydrolysis ntawm ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide thiab dej hnov ​​​​mob hauv siab (2.23 MPa) thiab ntawm qhov kub ntawm 190 degree thiab 200 degree hauv tubular reactor los tsim ethylene glycol, nrog rau sab khoom xws li monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, thiab polyethylene glycol. Cov khoom tov yog concentrated siv ib tug nyias-film evaporator thiab ces purified los ua refined ethylene glycol thiab by-products.

Epoxyethane Sulfuric Acid Catalysis: Ethylene oxide reacts nrog dej nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sulfuric acid raws li ib tug catalyst nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm 60-80 degree thiab 9.806-19.61 kPa siab los tsim ethylene glycol. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib tov yog neutralized nrog aqueous alkali, thiab cov khoom yog concentrated thiab purified.

Direct Ethylene Hydration: Ethylene yog hydrated ncaj qha siv catalysts (xws li antimony oxide TeO2 los yog palladium) hauv acetic acid los tsim mono thiab diethyl acetate, uas yog hydrolyzed los tsim ethylene glycol.

Lwm Txoj Kev: Lwm txoj hauv kev, xws li kev siv ethylene dichloride hydrolysis lossis formaldehyde, kuj tseem siv rau kev tsim cov ethylene glycol, txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem no tsis tshua muaj kev ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no.

Class: Flammable kua Toxicity Classification: Acute toxicity Oral – Rat LD50: 4700 mg/kg; Qhov ncauj – Nas LD50: 5500 mg/kg Irritation Data: Daim tawv nqaij – Luav 555 mg – me Qhov muag – Luav 500 mg/24 teev – me ntsis Explosion Risk: tuaj yeem tawg thaum sib xyaw nrog cua. Cov khoom phom sij: combustible, flammable, thiab tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Kev kub hnyiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj pa taws ua pa. Kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los: Khaws rau hauv qhov cua, qhuav, qhov chaw txias. Tsis txhob tso cua sov ncaj qha. Cov tshuaj tua hluav taws muaj xws li ua npuas ncauj, CO2, dej pos huab, thiab xuab zeb. Cov Qauv Ua Haujlwm: TWA 60 mg / m³; STEL 120 mg/m³.

Cim npe nrov: ethylene glycol, Tuam Tshoj, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas, lag luam wholesale, yuav, customized, nqe, ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb